Author(s) :

Tondra Rahman, Prottasha Paul.

Volume/Issue :

Abstract :

This systematic review investigates the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Australian healthcare system, examining recent literature to identify prevailing trends, applications, challenges, barriers, and enablers. Drawing on 12 peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2025, the review reveals that while AI technologies show promise in diagnostics, patient monitoring, clinical decision support, and administrative functional activities, widespread integration remains in a limited way. Professional attitudes toward AI are mixed, influenced by age, training, and prior exposure, with younger, digitally literate practitioners showing greater openness. Key barriers include a lack of AI literacy, ethical concerning viewpoint, regulatory ambiguity, and the “black-box” nature of AI models, which include trust and accountability. Conversely, enabling factors comprise strong policy support, organisational readiness, co-designed tools, and growing focus on Explainable AI (XAI), which fosters transparency and confidence. The findings underline the necessity of integrating technical innovation with ethical endeavours, regulatory, and educational frameworks to ensure safe, effective, and trusted AI deployment in clinical settings. Future strategies must prioritise clinician engagement, digital infrastructure, and ongoing evaluation to transition from pilot projects towards sustainable system-wide implementation.

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